Evaluating Flexion and Extension in Your Dog

by C. Sue Furman, Ph.D.

Fall is just around the corner, and a dog's activity level often increases with the cooler weather. It is wise to take a few minutes to evaluate your pet's gate to make sure no subtle changes have occurred. That is an easy chore if you understand flexion and extension and how your dog should move.

The muscular system is divided into axial and appendicular parts that correspond to the axial and appendicular skeleton. Muscles of the head, neck, spine and trunk make up the axial muscles while the muscles of the pectoral girdle, front limb, pelvic girdle and hind limb compose the appendicular muscles. One should consider the action of muscles when evaluating the gait of a dog. This is especially true when considering which muscles may be compromised in a dog that is limping.

Skeletal muscles allow the dog to move by changing the angle of one bone to another at a joint. Freely movable joints, synovial joints, exhibit several types of movement including flexion and extension.

Flexion describes the movement of two bones in relation to one another in a manner that decreases the angle at their joint. If a dog bends or flexes his foreleg at the elbow or wrist or the hind limb at the stifle or hock, the angle of the two bones at their joint is decreased (Fig. 1a). The rule of thumb is that muscles that flex a joint are above the joint and on the side that the joint angle is decreased (Fig. 1b).

Figure 1 – (a.) Sand flexes at the elbow (1), the wrist (2), the hock (3) and the knee (4) as handler, Debbie Coggin, moves him around the show ring. (b.) The muscles responsible for flexion are above or proximal to the joint on the side that the joint angle is decreased.

On the other hand, extension increases the angle of two bones at their joint. Therefore, if the forelimb is flexed at the elbow and the dog extends or straightens the leg, the angle of the elbow joint will increase (Fig. 2a). Muscles that extend a joint are usually below the joint and on the side opposite of the joint angle increase (Fig. 2b).

This material is excerpted from Dr. C. Sue Furman's book, Canine Massage for the Athlete in Every Dog©.

Figure 2 – (a) Continuing around the show ring, Sand extends his elbow to maintain an even smooth gait. (b) The extensor muscles that increase the angle of the elbow are located below or distal to the joint on the side opposite that the joint angle is increased.

This information helps evaluate a dog with a limp. Watch him move to determine if he has difficulty flexing or extending a joint in the affected limb. Now you know which muscles may be strained or injured. You can palpate for tenderness to determine if rest or a visit to the veterinarian are indicated. The discomfort of sore achy muscles caused by overexerting or other neuromuscular problems can be soothed by appropriate massage. Regular massage also decreases the risk of injury.

It is not necessary to learn names of all the muscles in a dog's body. It is very helpful to know where muscles responsible for actions like flexion and extension of joints are located. This gives you a great advantage when assessing movement or aberrations of movement in a dog.

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C. Sue Furman, Ph.D.
c.suefurman@gmail.com
www.HolisticTouchTherapy.com

Note: This article is an excerpt from Canine Massage for the Athlete in Every Dog©, a new book just released by Dr. C. Sue Furman. It also appeared in the May 2013 edition of the Holistic Touch Therapy newsletter.

Petting With a Purpose

by C. Sue Furman, Ph.D.

Kaskaskia College asked me to teach a community service canine massage class for pet owners. The class was called "Petting with a Purpose". The college was concerned about having a live dog in a classroom so the students practiced the massage moves on stuffed animals. The college has decided they will allow one of my Irish Wolfhounds to attend the class next time it is offered.

The students were very pleased and gave the class high marks. I was so inspired working with the students who were concerned with helping their own pets that had problems. The inspiration resulted in two new HTT online classes especially designed for folks who want to learn canine massage for their own pets. These new classes, Petting with a Purpose I and Petting with a Purpose II will be available on line in October 2013.

Petting with a Purpose I – is especially designed for those interested in learning massage to add a new level of care for the pet that shares their life. Students learn why the touch of massage is so powerful and how it benefits the health of the eleven organ systems of a dog. Several basic Swedish massage strokes from the passive touch, effleurage, compression, and petrissage categories are taught and their specific beneficial effects are discussed. Students practice each of the strokes on several appropriate areas of a dog. Performed on their pets, the moves will maintain muscle tone and flexibility in a healthy dog and comfort or encourage healing in a dog with an acute or chronic condition. Learn to pet your dog with a purpose. You will both enjoy it and your human-canine bond will become stronger. A certificate of completion is awarded to signify mastery of Petting with a Purpose I material.

Petting with a Purpose II – is a continuation of Petting with a Purpose I. Several new techniques from the friction, percussion and stretch categories are demonstrated and their specific beneficial effects are discussed. When to massage and when not to massage a dog is discussed, and a simple method of record keeping shows how to track the success of massage sessions is taught. Students learn to choreograph a full body massage from their pet's nose to the tip of his tail using the strokes learned in Petting with a Purpose I and II. Pet your dog with a purpose or massage to relax, soothe and comfort pain from chronic conditions. You will both feel better. A certificate of completion is awarded to signify mastery of Petting with a Purpose II material.

Watch www.HolisticTouchTherapy.com for more information and availability of these two new classes.

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C. Sue Furman, Ph.D.
c.suefurman@gmail.com
www.HolisticTouchTherapy.com

This article originally appeared in the October 2012 edition of the Holistic Touch Therapy Newsletter.

Caring For Your Senior Pet

by Dr. Abby Deuel

Ever heard the age-old sayings that a cat has nine lives and one year in dog years is equivalent to seven years in human terms? There is some merit to thinking about the longevity of your pet. As human life spans have increased in society, so too can our pets' life spans. A little bit of preventative medicine can mean all the difference in the world.

How old is my cat?

A cat becomes senior after nine years of age and geriatric after fourteen years of age. The equivalent in human years is about one cat year for every 5-6 human years. Therefore, if your cat is ten years old, he or she is about 55 years old.

How old is my dog?

Dogs are a little trickier since larger dogs do not live as long as small dogs. For small dogs, senior age is from nine to twelve years and while a large dog is would be considered senior when they are older than six years. The equivalent in human years for every dog year is between 6-8 human years, with the higher numbers applying to bigger dogs. If you have two dogs that are ten years old, the smaller one would be 56-60 years old and the larger one would be 66-78 years old.

Health tips

Based on the guidelines above, it is safe to say that animals age quicker than people. Regardless of how old your pet is in human years, it is a great idea to have them checked out regularly by a veterinarian. Diseases that are more prevalent in senior pets include diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Many older pets also begin to suffer from arthritis and joint stiffness. Weight gain can occur due to decreased exercise, increased calories intake, or an underlying endocrine disease such as hypothyroidism.

Take this simple quiz below to see if your pet is exhibiting signs of aging. If you answer yes to more than two of the questions below, it is probably time to have them seen by a veterinarian.

• Drinking more often than normal?
• Peeing more often?
• Eating patterns changed? (ie. Increased or decreased)
• Hard to get up the stairs?
• Having accidents in the house?
• Changes in haircoat or skin?
• New lumps or bumps seen?
• Less energy?

• Difficulty navigating the house as if confused?
• Scratching or licking a lot?
• Changes in weight? (either increase or decrease)
• Bad breath or difficulty eating?
• Changes in breathing pattern?
• Just not himself/herself?
• Seizures/shaking?

Recommendations

Every veterinarian is different about how often they would like to see a senior pet. At least once a year is the minimum. This would enable a veterinarian to do a thorough physical and ask questions that may highlight changes associated with early signs of a disease. Whereas twenty years ago, there were not as many options for senior pet diseases, we now have a variety of pain relievers, heart disease medications, nutritional options for arthritis/organ dysfunction. In some cases, a check up every six months is recommended to monitor disease issues more closely. For example, if a dog is diagnosed with seizures, they will be put on medication that needs to be monitored regularly to ensure that the treatment of one disease (seizures) does not cause another (liver failure).

Dr. Abby Deuel, Veterinarian Deuel Veterinary Services, P.C. 2047 N Broadway Ave Salem, IL 62881 Phone: 618-548-6755 Fax  : 618-548-6855 deuelveterinaryservices.com

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This article appeared in the November 2012 issue of the Holistic Touch Therapy Newsletter.

Pomeranian

Victoria Leitner has owned, trained and bred Pomeranians since 1981. Her kennel, Courbette Pomeranians, is well known for the several Poms she has titled in conformation, obedience, rally, agility and tracking... always owner handled. She has always strived to have dogs that are competitive in multiple venues and has obviously been very successful at that. Besides demonstrating that Poms are beautiful and smart, Vicky has confirmed their excellent temperaments with some superb therapy dogs. Her philosophy of breeding is that a dog should be a good and loving pet above all else. Simply put, she believes that dogs are a species that should excel at being "man's best friend."

Victoria Leitner
Courbette Pomeranians

Left to Right: Song, Curtsy, Fin, and Margin

Pomeranian

The Pomeranian is the smallest of the spitz dogs. It has been bred down in size over the past 100 years plus from a 30 pound dog to a 5 pound, toy dog. Its original colors were black, white and wolf sable. Now, the Pom is seen in almost every coat color known in dogdom. Since breeders have manufactured and miniaturized this breed, many genetic and congenital problems are seen. The Pom , as with many toy breeds, have dental abnormalities. The bone structure of the jaw just doesn't support good dentition. As a result, adults lose teeth easily and at a young age. Good dental hygiene is of the utmost importance. Also commonly seen are slipping patellas (knee caps), collapsing tracheas and heart problems. A hairless condition known as Alopecia X or BSD (black skin disease) seems to be on the rise. Its cause is unknown but most breeders believe it to be genetic. The condition itself is not a serious medical problem, as an otherwise healthy Pomeranian can become bald. It is diagnosed as such after all other causes of hairlessness have been tested for and eliminated as the cause.

Owners of Pomeranians and other toy breeds need to be protective guardians in the care of their dogs. Small children and large dogs can unintentionally hurt or maim tiny dogs. Small children should never be allowed to run or carry a toy dog for fear of dropping, smashing or falling on the dog. Poms are, by nature, usually bold, brave and adventuresome. They do not know that they are not big dogs. Pomeranians sometimes have a bad rap as being nippers. This is usually due to being handled too roughly. Pomeranians can be trained rather easily if done intelligently, but they cannot handle physical corrections. They respond well to food and toy rewards. Pomeranians are barkers and can sometimes be difficult to housebreak. A crate or small enclosure is of value to encourage “quiet” and for reducing the possibility for accidents in the house. Weekly or bi weekly brushing is recommended to prevent matting. The Pom generally blows undercoat twice a year and needs methodical combing at that time. Frequent bathing is not recommended if a regular brushing/combing regimen is implemented.

Pomeranian owners should be careful with drug and vaccination protocols. A rule of thumb is to administer only one drug, vaccine, worm/flea medicine, etc. at a time. For example: If a Pom is to be vaccinated for rabies, do not worm or apply flea medication at the same time. It is very easy to overdose a toy dog. Also, a toy dog should be fed at least twice a day, as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is often seen, especially with young puppies. Many people keep honey or Karo syrup on hand to apply to the tongue of a dog that has collapsed due to a hypoglycemic “attack”. If a Pom is to spend much time outside in the summer, do NOT shave or clip its body coat. The belly area only can be shaved for better air circulation, but the double coat protects him/her from the sun.

Pomeranians, like most dogs, enjoy being with their owners and are very loyal companions. They enjoy doing almost any doggie sport or activity imaginable. Since they are so small, they are very portable. Most are very easily trained and are a fairly active breed. Owners need to be diligent in looking out for possible dangerous situations for them however. Sadly many Poms and toy dogs fall victim to predators both canine and others. If basically healthy, Pomeranians live well into their teens. Beware! It is very difficult to own just one!

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This article originally appeared in the January, 2013 edition of the Holistic Touch Therapy Newsletter.

Recommended by Allie

Hi. My name is Allie Lewis. I'm a red lab (as you can see by my picture below - pretty cute, don't you agree?). I was born outside of Kansas City almost 2 years ago and now I live in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Here is a letter I wrote to my Aunt Nancy after she recently showed me how much she loves me. If you want to show your favorite canine how much you love him or her, visit the author's web site.

Dear Aunt Nancy,

Thank you for the very cool book! I can really use a massage after all the fetching I've been doing. Dove season opens in 2 weeks so this will be great!

Love,
Allie

Allie Lewis

Obesity in the Pet

Dr. Abby Deuel, Veterinarian

According to the Veterinary Information Network (VIN), 35% of pets are tipping the scales at such high numbers that they are considered obese. Unfortunately, an overweight pet puts them at risk for heart problems, diabetes, breathing difficulty, and mobility issues. It is a matter of life and death for some pets to lose the extra pounds. In fact, according to VIN, overweight pets live 2.5 years shorter than their normal weight counterparts.

Body Condition Score

While many breeds have ideal weight ranges, we are seeing more and more variation within a breed. Therefore, the actual number of pounds that your animal weighs is not a specific way to determine if they are overweight. The actual weight of the pet in pounds can help monitor progress when putting your pet on a diet. For overall health, however, we use body condition score (BCS). This is a 5 point scale, where 3 is ideal, 1 is vastly underweight, and 5 is obese. The parameters for determining the Royal Canin BCS include:

• Very thin - Ribs, spine, and pelvic bones easily visible; Loss of muscle mass; No palpable fat on chest
• Ideal - Ribs, spine, not visible but palpable; Obvious waist behind the ribs (seen as an hourglass figure from the top); Little abdominal fat (cats), little palpable rib fat (dogs)
• Markedly obese - Massive fat deposits on chest, spine, abdomen (cats), and base of tail (dogs); Obviously distended abdomen

Health Issues

Arthritis is the inflammation of the joints of an animal. It is painful and will decrease your pet's quality of life. It stands to reason that the more weight there is on a joint, the more it will hurt, the less they will be active, and the more weight they will gain. It becomes a vicious circle that is best prevented.

Respiratory compromise can result from the inability of an animal to take a long, deep breath. This can occur because fat tends to deposit in the chest and around the ribs, resulting in a competition between fat and space for the lungs and trachea.

The heart is a vital organ that can become overworked if it is trying to pump blood against the effects of obesity. This can lead to an enlarged heart, which can then lead to congestive heart failure.

Diabetes is a treatable but complicated disease that can alter your pet's life span and quality of life. It is the result of insulin resistance which means that the body's sugar levels can increase to dangerous levels.

Hepatic lipidosis is a disease that can occur in an obese animal that does not eat for several days to a week. The body starts to break down their energy store which causes the liver to shut down. The initial reason why the animal does not eat well can be any number of conditions unrelated to obesity.

Prevention

The best way to prevent and treat obesity includes good diet and exercise. Not all pet foods are created equal. Those that contain mainly grain are incredibly fattening. Corn is what the agricultural industry uses to put weight onto pigs and it works very well to do the same in dogs and cats. Inspect your pet's bag of food. If the first ingredient is corn, wheat, oats, or barley, it can easily make your pet gain weight. There are special foods that are specifically designed for weight loss or maintenance. Be sure to have a nutritional consult with your veterinarian.

The portion you feed your pet is important. The bag's recommendation is just that: a recommendation. The pet food company wants you to feed more so you will buy more food. If you're not sure how much to feed your pet, consult with your veterinarian.

There are some diseases like Cushing's and thyroid disorders which result in an animal's inability to lose weight. If you are trying to get your pet to lose weight and nothing seems to be changing, it may be time to have them checked out by a veterinarian.

Dr. Abby Deuel, Veterinarian Deuel Veterinary Services, P.C. 2047 N Broadway Ave Salem, IL 62881 Phone: 618-548-6755 Fax  : 618-548-6855 deuelveterinaryservices.com

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This article originally appeared in the February 2013 Holistic Touch Therapy Newsletter.

Sue at the Zoo

My move to Texas was much anticipated but was approached with much concern about where Holistic Touch Therapy canine massage and acupressure classes and the Pet Tech Pet Saver programs could be taught. I am so excited that the Texas Zoo (www.texaszoo.org) in Victoria has a wonderful air conditioned education facility that is available. Even better, their two resident Great Pyrenees, Jazz and Sarge, will participate in classes!



Save September 27-29 to come to the zoo and learn canine massage. Sue Furman teaches Canine Massage Preparation and Techniques (NCBTMB 24 CE) and Canine Massage Techniques (NCBTMB 24 CE) using a combination of PowerPoint™ lectures and demonstrations of massage strokes, interactive discussions with students and personal critiques of student hands-on mastery of massage strokes. She explains the groundwork necessary to prepare for a successful massage session, and the application and appropriate use of more than 30 Swedish massage strokes. Sue also discusses how massage encourages relaxation and healing of the dog's body, mind and spirit. A certificate of completion is awarded. Class size is limited.

On September 30, take the PetTech® PetSaver™ Class designed for pet owners as well as Pet Care Professionals and become certified in pet first aid and pet CPR. According to the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) 1-out-of-4 more pets would survive, if just one pet first aid technique was applied prior to getting emergency veterinary care. Pet Saver teaches over 50 skills to help save your pet!

Spend busy mornings and afternoons learning and practicing hands-on techniques and choreographing massage routines for many specific conditions or practicing first aid techniques and CPR. On your lunch breaks, stroll through the zoo and meet some residents like the peacocks up close and personal as they freely wander the zoo grounds.

Find more information about classes and register online at (www.HolisticTouchTherapy.com). Hope to see you in September!

One-handed Effleurage

One-handed Effleurage is Petting With a Purpose

C. Sue Furman, Ph.D.

The one-handed effleurage stroke resembles petting but is definitely petting with a purpose. The term effleurage comes from the French word effleure, which means to glide or skim the surface. The name aptly describes techniques that use the one-handed effleurage stroke that uses the open hand to slide over the dog's coat. NOTE: This is one of the many massage strokes you can learn with Sue at the Zoo.

Effleurage strokes look and feel quite gentle, but yield great rewards throughout a massage session. They follow the contour of the dog's body and push the tissue down and away from the massage practitioner. Even light to moderate pressure with effleurage warms the underlying tissues causing the arteries to dilate and increase blood flow bringing more oxygen and nutrients to the region. Effleurage also promotes the movement of venous blood to the heart ridding muscles of excess protein-containing extracellular fluid and waste products such as lactic acid. Removal of these wastes refreshes tissues allowing them to function more efficiently. Effleurage also has a soothing effect on the nervous system that facilitates relaxation and fosters a sense of well being in the dog and stimulates important psychological and emotional modifications.

Figure 1a	Figure 1b

To perform one-handed effleurage, place both hands lightly, on the dog (Fig. 1a). Slide the palmar surface of one hand over the area to be effleuraged (Fig. 1b). For small dogs or small areas of large dogs, you may use two or three fingers rather than the whole hand. Always keep the second hand in contact with the dog even if it is not actively being used in the massage stroke. This maintains a constant communication with the dog and keeps you aware of his body. For example, you immediately know if his muscles are relaxed or tense.

Dr. C. Sue Furman
Holistic Touch Therapy

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Text and photos are Copyright © 2013 Dr. C. Sue Furman & Holistic Touch Therapy, appeared in the January 2013 HTT Newsletter and were excerpted from the book, Canine Massage for the Athlete in Every Dog.

Microchip Your Pet for Safety

C. Sue Furman, Ph.D.

Recent natural disasters like the Oklahoma tornadoes, fires like the Black Forest fire in Colorado, and floods and flash floods throughout the Midwest and West have prompted many to prepare a disaster plan that can work well if you have time to take your pets with you. Unfortunately a much loved four legged member of the family can be separated from his humans. Many are found by folks anxious to offer housing, food, and comfort for the lost pet, but the goal is to return him to his family. Thousands of pets – cats, dogs, donkeys, snakes, llamas, horses, and more- were placed in shelters following the Black Forest fire in Colorado. Many were reunited with their owners.

Similarly, scores of pets were left homeless following the May Oklahoma tornadoes. Following a natural disaster, concerned animal lovers use the internet to help reunite people and pets. Twitter and Facebook sites helped following the Black Forest fire while pet rescue groups and veterinarians in Oklahoma City set up www.OKCLostPets.com, a website designed to help get pets back to their owners. In both cases, many pets were reunited with their families, but many remain on the list of the lost. Reunion is much more likely if the owner has planned ahead so his pet has carries identification.

The majority of pets that had a happy reunion with their humans had tags, tattoos, or microchips, that allowed rescuers to contact the owners. Tags on the collar are helpful but are not permanent. A collar can easily be lost in a disaster. Tattoos are time consuming. The cost of the tattoo varies and must be registered with the National Dog Registry for $45. In comparison, insertion of a microchip is relatively quick and usually costs about $45. My dogs have tags that they sometimes wear. All are microchipped for permanent identification.

A microchip is about the size of a grain of rice.

Dogs and cats can have a microchip, which is about the size of a grain of rice (Fig. 1), injected under the skin between the shoulder blades, but dogs and cats are not the only pets that are microchipped. Horses are microchipped on the left side of the neck, halfway between the poll and withers and approximately one inch below the midline of the mane. Parrots, cockatiels and other birds have the microchip implanted in their breast muscles. Pets of other species including llamas, alpacas, goats, sheep, miniature pigs, rabbits, ferrets, snakes, lizards, turtles, toads, frogs, and mice can also be microchipped. Interestingly, penguins, alligators, chimpanzees, rare fish, prairie dogs, wild bison, black-footed ferrets, grizzly bears, elk, white-tailed deer, giant land tortoises and armadillos — even whales and elephants have been microchipped primarily for research purposes.

Each chip has a unique identification number that can be scanned and matched to the owner. But don't stop by just getting your pet a microchip. It is important to register the ID and your contact information, pet name and description, and shelter and/or veterinarian contact information. This information is critical to a rescue group trying to locate an owner. Investing a little time and $45 to have a veterinarian microchip is a small price to pay for a happy reunion if your pet is ever lost.

C.Sue Furman, Ph.D.
www.HolisticTouchTherapy.com
C.SueFurman@gmail.com

Raindrops

Raindrops: A Gentle Percussion Massage Stroke

by C. Sue Furman, Ph.D.

Percussion massage strokes were originally known as tapotement, from the French verb tapoter which means to rap, drum, or pat. The very gentle and at the same time stimulating Percussion stroke called raindrops does not at all seem to rap or drum on the dog. The next time you have an opportunity, listen to the whisper soft landing of very gentle rain against your windowpane. This is reminiscent of the raindrops stroke and should serve as an inspiration as you practice and use the technique. As one finger after another gently makes contact, the calming rhythm of raindrops relaxes, and its soft touch leaves one tingling. This move conveys a quite unique and very pleasant sensation that is great for relief of tension.

Most people enjoy practicing the raindrops technique on themselves to better understand what their dog is experiencing. Relax and sit quietly in a chair. Place one hand near your head. Starting with the pad of the little finger of your raised hand, tap your head very lightly. Follow this touch with contact from the next three fingers in a rhythmic succession. There should be no hesitation between the tap of the fourth finger and the second tap by the little finger. The continuous movement of alternating fingerfalls should create a rhythmic pattern that mimics gentle raindrops falling on your head. Do you feel the tingle?

Many dogs seem to enjoy raindrops on their face and head. To see what your dog thinks, place one hand on your dog and place the other nearby. Gently begin the raindrops technique near his nose. Each fingertip should touch the dog lightly at a slightly different time. Work your way along the muzzle toward the cheek, over the head and around the ear (Fig.1). The movement should be slow and uninterrupted. The continuous movement of alternating fingerfalls should create a rhythmic pattern that mimics gentle raindrops falling on his head. Repeat the pattern on the other side of the face and head. Raindrops is a very light stroke that imparts light but excitatory stimulation virtually anywhere on the body.

Figure 1a	Figure 1b	Figure 1c

Figure 1. The thenar eminence and side of the thumb rest gently on a dog when the raindrops stroke is delivered. The gentle taps are delivered with one finger at a time beginning with the little finger (a) followed in succession by the remaining fingers (b-c). Once all four have landed, they are raised as one and the raindrop stroke is repeated.

Dr. C. Sue Furman, Ph.D.
www.HolisticTouchTherapy.com

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This article is excerpted from Canine Massge for the Athlete Every Dog© and appeared in the December 2012 issue of the Holistic Touch Therapy Newsletter.

What is Herding?

by Joyce Norris, Norwood Border Collies

Herding is the controlled movement of livestock. The dog must control the livestock at a certain rate of speed as the dog moves the livestock to a particular location. The livestock must be moved through obstacles, into a pen, to the barn, or into a trailer.

Maddie at work

Herding is like no other sport. It is a true partnership. Handlers are working with two forces of nature. The handler is working with the dog's natural instinct and desire to control livestock, keeping them grouped together and the livestock's instinct which is to fear a predator and to form a flock or herd for self-preservation. Handler and dog must work together as a team.

Rocky at work

In order for a dog to be able to herd any kind of livestock there are Six Basics he needs to learn:

1. Instinct and Desire to work with you
2. Circular Flank Commands - These are Come By which means move clockwise and Away To Me which means move counterclockwise. The dog is to circle around the stock at a distance that does not cause the livestock to move or panic. Once the dog is in the right position he is then asked to do one of the following.
3. Stop (on his feet) or Lie Down
4. Walk Up - This is where the dog actually makes contact with the stock and sets them in motion.
5. Get Out or Back - If the dog is too close to the livestock he can make them anxious or nervous and needs to get out or back off to make them settle down.
6. That'll Do - Once the livestock has arrived at the given destination the dog is to be called off and leave the livestock.

There are several organizations  sanction herding tests and trials including the American Kennel Club (AKC), the American Herding Breeds Association (AHBA), the Australian Shepherd Club of America (ASCA), and the United States Border Collie Handlers Association (USBCHA). They offer test and trials herding sheep, goats, cattle, ducks, geese, and turkeys. There are several levels of competitions for each type of livestock depending on the experience of the dog and handler. AKC has test classes.

The Herding Test (HT) is for beginning dog and is scored on a pass/fail basis. The Pre-Trial or PT is a J-shaped course and is also scored on a pass/fail basis. Trials can be A Course (arena) or B Course (open field). Both A Course and B Course Trials have Started, Intermediate, and Advanced levels. There are also C Course trials involving large flocks or tending.

Any breed in the AKC herding group plus other breeds accepted into the herding program are eligible to enter test and trials at 9 months of age. Numerous titles can be earned in herding events, from Herding Instinct all the way up to Herding Championships and Master Titles.

If you own a dog in the herding group and you notice him wanting to herd your children or the neighbor's cats, think about getting him involved in a local herding club and let him do what he has been bred to do for generations, to control the movement of livestock.

Editor's Note: Dogs trained by Joyce have earned roughly 300 titles in agility, obedience, and herding.

Joyce Norris
Norwood Border Collies

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Joyce and Rocky

Our guest author is Joyce Norris. Joyce has bred Border Collies for over 30 years with a goal of producing dogs for performance events. Fifteen years ago she started herding with her dogs and they have achieved championships in cattle, sheep and ducks in trials sponsored by the American Kennel Club (AKC), the American Herding Breeds Association (AHBA), and the Australian Shepherd Club of America (ASCA). Her dog, Rocky, twice made AKC history by earning a perfect score (100) on Started B course Ducks and by being the first dog to earn the Master Herding title on Advanced B course ducks. Joyce is an approved herding judge for AKC and AHBA. She is also well known in the herding world for her expertise in raising, training, and leasing Call ducks for herding trials.

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This article appeared in the February 2013 issue of the Holistic Touch Therapy Newsletter.

Keeping Animals Safe in the Heat

Dr. Abby Deuel, Veterinarian

We are experiencing record temperatures successive days in a row. This, combined with the lack of rain, is causing serious concerns for pet safety.

On a 90℉ day, an animal left in a car will experience a temperature of 124℉ within 30 minutes and 138℉ within 90 minutes. These temperatures are enough to kill an animal, even if the windows are left partially open. The bed of a pickup truck is no safer for an animal. Not only do they become overheated, but they will also become dehydrated from the wind they experience.

Hyperthermia

Normally, our pets have a temperature of around 101℉. This can be increased during a fever episode or during high environmental temperature. A temperature of over 105℉ can seriously compromise your pet's health. Dogs and cats are not able to sweat to cool their core temperature. Instead, they pant and radiate heat from the surface of their skin. They are able to sweat through their paws but this is very limited compared to a human. If the air temperature is as high as it has been the last few weeks, an animal's body cannot keep up and will succumb to hyperthermia.

Signs of heat stroke

• Weakness
• Difficulty breathing
• Excessive panting
• Uncoordination
• Restlessness, stress
• Changes in gum color (either bright red or even blue)
• Drooling

Risk factors

There are several factors which can make an animal more susceptible to heat stroke. These include:

• Pets with short noses, like the Bulldog, Pekingese, Persian. These animals cannot adequately thermo regulate by panting due to their anatomy
• Pets with dark-colored fur or fur that is thick and does not allow adequate ventilation
• Very young, very old, or animals with an underlying condition such as heart disease
• Very active animals or any amount of exercise for an animal

Prevention

Generally speaking, if you find it uncomfortable outside, your pet will as well. If it is unbearably hot and you are not even interested in going outside, do not leave your pet in the heat. If your pet is confined outdoors, provide them with ventilation via fans. Shade is also extremely important. Fresh, cool water will help allow them to remain hydrated.

If possible, bring your pet inside, even if it is just a cool back porch or garage. A doghouse does not provide shade; instead they heat up excessively and are not safe for use in the summer. If you are convinced you are providing adequate cooling for your pet, put a thermometer outside where your pet is located. Monitor the temperatures it reads. You may be surprised at just how hot it will get!

Treatment

The goal of treating hyperthermia is initially to cool the core temperature to prevent permanent damage to the animal's brain. This can be achieved by applying wet towels to the animal. The main areas of superficial blood circulation, and therefore cooling, are the ears, groin, armpits, and feet. A fan can be applied to help improve heat loss from these areas. Do not apply ice or extremely cold water. Cooling too quickly can cause more damage.

If possible, obtain the temperature of your pet; ideally, you should stop cooling your pet when their temperature reaches 103. Transport your pet to a veterinary facility immediately so the other effects of extreme heat can be treated. Your veterinarian will address the level of hyperthermia and continue treating if necessary. The main concerns for your pet are loss of electrolytes, changes in red blood cells, kidney failure, brain abnormalities, and death.

Dr. Abby Deuel, Veterinarian Deuel Veterinary Services, P.C. 2047 N Broadway Ave Salem, IL 62881 Phone: 618-548-6755 Fax  : 618-548-6855 deuelveterinaryservices.com

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This article appeared in the June 2013 issue of the Holistic Touch Therapy Newsletter.

Pet Disaster Plan

by Dr. C. Sue Furman

Hurricane season is in full swing, but disasters of many types can occur anywhere in the country. Wild fires are rampant in many Western states and more may flare up at any time. The Midwest has been devastated by tornados this spring, and torrential rains have caused floods in many states. Unfortunately there is no guarantee that the threat of these natural disaster is over. There is usually little time to prepare for a catastrophe so it is wise to plan ahead for your potential needs and also those of your pets. If you have to evacuate your home, please do not leave your pets behind! They may not be able to survive on their own. If they do, you may not be able to find them when you return.  Take a little time now to design a disaster plan for your pets. In the event of a disaster, you can face it with confidence knowing you have an appropriate plan and the materials to implement it. Take the suggested actions below and assemble the list of essential needs listed for a pet disaster kit. Have a plan for you and your family members including those with four legs!

Pet Disaster Plan!

• Keep all pet ID tags up to date and securely attached to your pet's collar.
• During a disaster, bring your pets inside immediately.
• Take your pets with you if you have to leave town after a disaster.
• Have a secure pet carrier and leash to prevent your pet from escaping if frightened.
• Always leash your pets in new places. Loose pets are more likely to be lost or injured by debris or other hazards.
• Many emergency shelters do not allow pets so plan ahead and make a list of motels and hotels in your evacuation area that allow pets.
• Have a current photo of your pets with you in case they get lost.
• Keep your veterinarian's and local animal shelter's phone numbers handy.
• Keep a pet disaster kit packed in case of emergency. It should include:
• Pet food - moist or canned food reduces the amount of water your pet will need
• Bottled water
• Medications
• Veterinary records
• Can opener
• Food dishes
• First aid kit
• Scissors (with blunt ends)
• Small flashlight
• Towel or blanket (large enough to transport your pet)
• Other supplies you need for your pet on a daily basis
• Litter pan and litter

C. Sue Furman, Ph.D.
c.suefurman@gmail.com
www.HolisticTouchTherapy.com

This article originally appeared in the October 2012 Holistic Touch Therapy Newsletter.